A brief Profile Of The State Indonesia

Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago country with 17,508 islands. The islands of Indonesia were formed at the time such as Palaeocene (70 million BC). The following knowledge is very useful to clarify the basic knowledge of the country, geographical position, geological history, demography, economy, art, culture and beloved Indonesian politics.

National principle

Pancasila is the basic philosophy of the Indonesian state derived from two Sanskrit words:

<Panca means five,

<And sila means basic.

Pancasila consists of five related and inseparable foundations:

1. Belief in the One Supreme

2. Just and civilized humanity

3. Unity of Indonesia

4. Democracy led by the wisdom of wisdom in deliberations / representatives

5. Social Justice for all Indonesian people

Indonesia is a democratic country which in its government embraces presidential system, and Pancasila is the soul of democracy.

Democracy based on the five foundations is called Pancasila Democracy.

The foundation of this country, declared by President Soekarno (the first President of Indonesia) in the Proclamation of the Independence of the Republic of Indonesia on August 17, 1945.

History of Geology

The islands of Indonesia were formed during the Miocene era (12 million BC); Palaeocene (70 million BC); Eocene (30 million BC); Oligacene (25 million years before Christ). Due to the arrival of people from mainland Asia, Indonesia is believed to have existed in the Pleistocene era (4 million BC).

The islands are formed along a line that strongly influences the change of tectonic plates of Australia and the Pacific. The Australian slab turned slowly up into the path of the Pacific plate, which moved south, and between these lines the islands of Indonesia spread. This makes Indonesia one of the most changing countries in the geological region of the world.

The mountains on the Indonesian islands comprise over 400 volcanoes, of which 100 are still active. Indonesia experiences three vibrations a day, earthquakes at least once a day and at least one volcanic eruption in a year.

Demographics

Indonesian population can be divided into two groups. In the western part of Indonesia the population is predominantly Malay while the east is the Papuan tribe, which has roots in the Melanesian archipelago. Many Indonesians claim to be part of a more specific ethnic group, divided according to language and regional origin, such as Java, Sunda or Batak.

In addition, there are also minority immigrants including ethnic Chinese, Indians and Arabs. They have long come to the archipelago with trade routes since the 8th century BC and settled into part of the archipelago.

In Indonesia there are about 3% of the ethnic Chinese population. This number is different because only in the last 1930s the government conducted a census by classifying the people of Indonesia into tribes and descendants. Islam is the majority religion embraced by about 85.2% of Indonesia's population, making Indonesia the most populous Muslim country in the world. The remaining Protestants (8.9%); Catholic (3%); Hinduism (1.8%); Buddha (0.8%); And others (0.3%).

Most Indonesians speak in the local language as their mother tongue, but the official Indonesian language, Indonesian, is taught throughout the schools of the country and is dominated by almost all Indonesians.

Political

As in other democracies, the political system in Indonesia is based on Trias Politics, namely the legislative, executive and judicial authorities.

The legislative power is held by an institution called the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) consisting of two bodies namely the DPR whose members consist of representatives of Political Parties and DPD whose members represent the province in Indonesia. Each region is represented by 4 people directly elected by the people in their respective regions. The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) is the highest state institution. The membership of the MPR changed after the amendment of the 1945 Constitution in the period of 1999-2004. All members of the People's Consultative Assembly are members of the House of Representatives plus members of DPD (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah). Previously, members of the MPR were all members of the House of Representatives plus group delegates. Current MPR members consist of 550 DPR members and 128 DPD members. Members of the DPR and DPD are elected through elections and inaugurated in a five-year term. Since 2004, the MPR is a bicameral parliament, after the creation of the DPD as the second chamber.

The executive body is centered on the president, vice president, and cabinet. The Cabinet 

PROVINCE

Indonesia currently has 33 provinces (including 2 Special Territories (DI) and one Special Capital Region (DKI), both are Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta while the Special Capital Region is the Special Capital Region of Jakarta.

Prior to 1999, East Timor was one of the provinces in Indonesia, which later broke away by referendum to the State of East Timor.

List of Provinces in Indonesia

Sumatra

1. Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam

2. North Sumatra

3. West Sumatra

4. Bengkulu

5. Riau

6. Riau Islands

7. Jambi

8. South Sumatra

9. Lampung

10. Bangka Belitung Islands

Java

1. Jakarta

2. West Java

3. Banten

4. Central Java

5. DI Yogyakarta

6. East Java

Borneo

1. West Kalimantan

2. Central Kalimantan

3. South Kalimantan

4. East Kalimantan

Nusa Tenggara

1. Bali

2. Nusa Tenggara Barat

3. East Nusa Tenggara

Sulawesi

1. West Sulawesi

2. North Sulawesi

3. Central Sulawesi

4. South Sulawesi

5. Southeast Sulawesi

6. Gorontalo

Islands of Maluku and Papua

1. Maluku

2. North Maluku

3. West Papua

4. Papua

But now there have been some changes in the number of provinces

Economics

Indonesia's economy suffered a setback in the late 1990s due to the economic crisis that hit most of Asia at the time. The economy has now been fairly stable at the moment.

Indonesia has large natural resources outside Java, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Indonesia is the second largest natural gas exporter in the world, although lately it has begun to become a net importer of crude oil. Major agricultural products include rice, tea, coffee, spices and rubber.

Indonesia's biggest trading partners are Japan, the United States and its neighbors Malaysia, Singapore and Australia.

Though rich in natural and human resources, Indonesia still faces major problems in poverty, largely due to widespread corruption within the government. Indonesia's central bank is Bank Indonesia.

Art and culture

This type of art in Indonesia is influenced by several cultures. The famous Javanese and Balinese Dance, for example, contains aspects of Hindu culture and mythology. Many dances also contain Islamic values. Some of them can be found in Sumatra such as the Saman Meusukat dance and the Seudati Dance from Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.

Also quite famous in the world is shadow puppets featuring stories about mythological events. The art of pantun, gurindam, and so on from various regions such as Malay pantun, and other pantun-pantun often used in certain occasions of the event, art performances, and others.

In the field of fashion the world-famous cultural heritage is batik craft. Some areas that are famous for the batik industry include Yogyakarta, Solo, and also Pekalongan.

Pencak silat is a unique martial art that comes from Indonesia. This martial art is sometimes displayed on show occasions that are usually followed by traditional Indonesian music in the form of gamelan and other traditional musical arts according to the area of ​​origin.

Art of music in Indonesia, both traditional and modern very much stretched from Sabang to Merauke. Traditional music including Javanese keroncong is recognized by almost all the people of Indonesia, but the more powerful in the face of the song in Indonesia is the art of modern songs then Dangdut.

Dangdut is one of Indonesian music that has been populist in the archipelago, which combined from elements of Malay music, India, and also traditional Indonesian music. Named Dangdut because the sound of music that is heard is the sound of 'dang' and 'dut' and Dangdut music more dominated by drum sound and flute. Dangdut songs are usually sung by the sword with a sleek and graceful wobble adjusted to the tempo of the song.

There are various types of Dangdut music, among others Dangdut Melayu, Modern Dangdut (Dangdut of today whose musical instrument has been added with modern musical instrument); And Dangdut Pesisir (traditional dangdut songs of Java, Sundanese, etc.). In the 70s, dangdut was better known as the flow of Malay orchestra music, which later in the early 80s was better known as Dangdut.

Indonesia consists of different tribes, religions and beliefs. There are Batak, Karo, Minangkabau, Malay in Sumatra and so on. There are many recognized religions in Indonesia namely Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism even now Confucianism is also recognized. But most Indonesians prefer Islam as their religion.